About
Tissue Repair

Tissue Repair is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on developing advanced therapies for chronic and acute wound healing across both medical and aesthetic applications. Its core technology platform, Glucoprime®—a proprietary, yeast-derived beta-glucan—demonstrates potent immunomodulatory effects that support tissue regeneration.

  • About Tissue Repair
  • Our Focus
  • Technology
  • Commercial Blueprint

About
Tissue Repair

Our Focus

Technology


Commercial Blueprint

Overview

Tissue Repair has identified and isolated a unique, topically delivered active ingredient—Glucoprime®—designed to accelerate wound healing. This biologically active beta-glucan mimics a yeast infection, triggering the body’s natural wound repair pathways by acting as a ‘decoy’ that activates immune responses. Glucoprime® underpins a versatile technology platform with the potential to treat a wide range of chronic and acute wounds.

In the acute wound care stream, Tissue Repair launched TR Pro+®: in June 2023 for the aftercare of aesthetic procedures and minor medical treatments. A successful pilot program has validated its effectiveness as a healing agent. On the chronic wound front, Tissue Repair has initiated two Phase 3 clinical trials for venous leg ulcers: one involving U.S. sites (BG002) and the other including both Australian and U.S. sites (BG003).

Company History

Established in 2012, Tissue Repair and its wholly owned U.S. subsidiary, TR Therapeutics, Inc., were formed to acquire the advanced wound care assets, intellectual property, and technology from Novogen Research Pty Ltd and Glycotex, Inc. Since then, TR Therapeutics has led clinical research and trials in the United States.

From inception, Tissue Repair’s venture capital and scientific founding team have focused on generating further clinical data to validate the platform’s early efficacy signals. This effort culminated in a Phase 2B clinical trial, completed in November 2020, with data analysis finalised by March 2021. End-of-study reports were submitted to the FDA that same year, and in 2024, the Company received approval to proceed to Phase 3 trials. In parallel, Tissue Repair launched its acute wound care product, TR Pro+®, in June 2023 as part of a pilot program in Australia.

1989 The technology that now forms the basis of Tissue Repair’s product development program commences as a research project at the Department of Surgery, The University of Sydney, under the direction of Professor Graham Kelly.
1990s Early pre-clinical, manufacturing, chemistry and control work undertaken at the University of Sydney and then at Novogen Limited (the company formed to commercialise the technology).
Early 2000s Phase 1/2 clinical trials in venous leg ulcer indications demonstrated a positive safety and efficacy signal.

Development of Glucoprime® and Glucocol

  • Glucoprime® is a high molecular weight, micro-particulate beta-glucan with a high degree of side-branching, specifically designed for trophic ulcer repair. It is the active ingredient in Tissue Repair’s lead chronic wound candidate, TR987®, for venous leg ulcers and in the acute wound care product, TR Pro+®.
  • Glucocol is a low molecular weight, colloidal beta-glucan with a lower degree of side-branching, contributing to its higher solubility. It is intended to support the healing of surgical incisions at risk of dehiscence or wound breakdown. However, Glucocol is not currently under active development, as the Company’s primary focus remains on Glucoprime®.
2006 FDA IND (Investigational New Drug Application) lodged for approval to conduct human clinical trials.
2006 – 2007 Phase 2A trial (n=66) dose finding study completed in venous leg ulcers demonstrating safety and a signal of efficacy across percent wound area reduction.
2007 Glycotex S1 lodged on Nasdaq by Novogen Ltd to raise capital to conduct Phase 2 trials. Withdrawn by Novogen at the time, announcing intention to undertake further in-house development.
2010 Preparatory work on the use of TR-987® for post-aesthetic procedures. Animal studies and Phase 2A trials on the use of TR987® post CO2 fractionated procedures demonstrating safety and efficacy.
2012 Tissue Repair incorporated to acquire the advanced wound care assets, intellectual property and technology of Novogen and fund additional Phase 2B clinical trials.
2012 – 2014 Tissue Repair Pty Ltd incorporated to acquire the advanced wound care assets, intellectual property and technology of Novogen and fund additional Phase 2B clinical trials.
2016 Commencement of Phase 2B clinical trial program consisting of double-blind placebo-controlled trials in two separate indications:

  • Chronic Wounds: 82-patient phase double blind placebo controlled trials evaluating the use of TR987® gel for non-healing venous leg ulcers vs a placebo gel on wound healing.
  • Aesthetic Dermatology: 42 patients, double-blind placebo-controlled trial evaluating the effects of TR987® post CO2 fractionated laser on wound healing and skin quality.
2019

Completion of the 42-patient aesthetic dermatology Phase 2B trial provides evidence of safety and efficacy, with close to double the improvement in skin quality measured by elastosis and wrinkling at day 28 for the TR987® cohort over a placebo gel. The end-of-study report was filed with the FDA in 2023.
2020 Completion of the 82-patient venous leg ulcer trial demonstrated safety and a positive signal of efficiency on the FDA-approved endpoint of incidence of complete closure. The study showed a clinically significant adjusted difference of approximately 20% in the incidence of wound closure following 12 weeks of treatment between the TR987® group and a placebo group. The end-of-study report was filed with the FDA in 2023.
2021 Raised $7.5m in May 2021 to progress to the next stage of business development (including preparations for the Ofter) and commence preparations required in advance of Phase 3 clinical program.

Partnered and executed an agreement with a contract manufacturer on process development and manufacturing of API for Phase 3 clinical use and beyond.

Preparations with a USA laboratory in the USA on further analytical characterisation work required before commencement of a Phase 3 trial.

Commenced preliminary market research and business planning on a launch of TR Pro+®.
2022 Publication in Dermatologic Surgery of a 42-patient study demonstrating significant improvements in skin wrinkling and elastosis following TR Pro+® use after CO₂ laser treatment.

Completion of a Real-World Evidence Study across 12 dermatology clinics, where TR Pro+® was administered to patients post a range of medical and aesthetic procedures.
2023 Launch of TR Pro+® as part of a pilot program to aesthetic and dermatology clinics.
2024 Commencement of the Phase 3 studies, BG002 and BG003,  in Australia and the US for chronic venous leg ulcers.
2025 Investigation into distribution opportunities for TR Pro+® locally and overseas.
Overview

Tissue Repair’s core focus is on realising value from its Glucoprime® API technology through:

  • A successful Phase 3 clinical program followed by the regulatory approval of its chronic wound product, TR987®, to treat chronic wounds.
  • Successful commercialisation of the post-procedure gel, TR Pro+®, for the aftercare of acute wounds and aesthetic procedures.
Strategic Focus Description Strategy
1 Chronic treatment (TR987®) Achieve FDA and TGA approval as a topical drug for use in venous leg ulcers.

Obtain reimbursement approvals in the USA and Australia.

 Achieve Phase 3 approval targeting a 10-15% differential in the incidence of complete healing.

Apply for approval as a drug with the FDA and TGA based on the data package assembled by Tissue Repair.
Seek reimbursement codes in the USA and Australia by proving compelling health economic outcomes.

Launch direct sales model; employ internal sales reps and sell to health care professionals (targeting hospitals, specialist wound clinics and other relevant specialist clinics).  Seek distribution opportunities for expansion.

Potentially explore distribution partnership opportunities following the completion of the Phase 3 program.
2 Acute Post-procedure treatment (TR Pro+®) Commercialise first product as a next generation post-procedure aftercare product for aesthetic and medical procedures Launch in Australia to test and refine go-to-market strategy ahead of expanding to other international markets.

Employ internal sales representatives targeting cosmetic surgeries, clinics and potentially beauticians.

Explore distribution partnerships with dermatology and aesthetic companies.
3 Additional products and indications Invest in the research and development of additional products and build clinical evidence for a broader range of indications.

Other potential applications of Glucoprime® technology could include the treatment of burns, new bandage and scaffold products impregnated with Tissue Repair’s API, veterinary products, etc.
Overview of the Technology

Tissue Repair has identified a unique immunogenic active ingredient—Glucoprime®—a beta-glucan that activates macrophages and stimulates an immune response, accelerating wound healing and enhancing skin quality.

 

Key Ingredients
  • Beta-glucan (Glucoprime®) – a naturally derived sugar that is purified from the cell wall of baker’s yeast which has immunomodulatory properties that support skin regeneration
  • Triethanolamine – balances the pH of the gel to avoid irritation to your skin
  • Carbomer – allows the gel to retain water to provide you with a soothing texture and leave your skin looking bright
  • Neutral pH, no parabens or fragrances means TR Pro+®/TR987® is suitable for most skin types
What is Glucoprime®

The active ingredient of TR Pro+®/TR987® is Glucoprime® which is a beta-glucan purified from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ie: baker’s yeast) which is used to bake bread and brew beer.  Beta-glucans are commonly found in fungi, plants and bacteria where they are a key component of the cell wall.  Beta-glucans are almost totally made of sugar, with glucose being the sugar most commonly used.

There is enormous diversity in the way the millions of glucose units are linked together and their spatial location relative to adjacent molecules (Vetvicka et al. 2019). Up until recently, the extraction of beta-glucan has been difficult and expensive due to the challenges associated with retaining the complex branched structure of the molecule.

Preserving the native structure of the beta-glucan is essential because it determines its ability to interact with host cells, and studies have confirmed that beta-glucans which have maintained the natural branched structure are more effective in assisting damaged skin to heal (Kim et al. 2018). Historically however, this has been difficult to achieve with most beta-glucans breaking down during the purification process and therefore having less impact on skin repair.  Tissue Repair has successfully developed a proprietary process that leaves the native structure more intact, thereby allowing Glucoprime® to exert a positive healing influence on damaged skin.

Glucoprime® supports skin regeneration

When TR Pro+®/TR987® is applied topically, the Glucoprime® moves between the cells of the epidermis to the dermis where it comes into contact with macrophages.  These macrophages are the ‘guard cells’ and are on alert for foreign pathogens like bacteria and yeast.  The macrophages have specific receptors on their surface which recognise the yeast-derived Glucoprime®  and these engage with the Glucoprime® in the same way as a lock and key fit together.  As a key is able to open the lock, the Glucoprime® is able to activate the macrophages by engaging with the receptors.

Once activated, the macrophages begin to influence the tissue environment, initially by attracting more macrophages and neutrophils to the area.  They also facilitate the production of cytokines and growth factors that create an inflammatory environment which is the first step in the healing process.  While inflammation is necessary for healing, it must not be too severe nor progress for too long as the quality of the new skin will be compromised.  Beta-glucans like Glucoprime® have been referred to as immunomodulators in the scientific literature because of their ability to manage the healing process, and in particular, ensure that the inflammatory phase is appropriate for optimal skin healing.

Not all beta-glucans benefit skin repair to the same extent

Research has shown that large beta-glucans like Glucoprime® in TR Pro+®/TR987® are able to attach to macrophage receptors and activate those cells to upregulate cytokines, growth factors and collagen production. Over many years Tissue Repair has developed a proprietary process to purify Glucoprime® from baker’s yeast without significantly compromising the size.  Although smaller beta-glucans can also engage with the receptors, they do not activate macrophages and therefore cannot produce the same regenerative benefits (Goodridge et al. 2011).

If topical products that contain beta-glucans are being used for skin repair, users should be informed about the origin of the beta-glucan and the size so they can be confident about the products effectiveness.

TR Pro+®/TR987® stimulates macrophages to manage the healing process

Healing is a complex process that involves many different cellular components being switched on and off at the appropriate time and in the correct concentrations.  Macrophages are the cells that coordinate the healing process which occurs in four phases – haemostasis, inflammation,  proliferation and remodelling.

In simple terms we can consider macrophages to be one of two types – M1 or M2.  M1 macrophages are the first responders and create an inflammatory tissue environment which is designed to eliminate any pathogens, breakdown and remove any damaged tissue, and prepare the site for repair.  They do this by producing cytokines that increase free radicals, proteases, and phagocytosis.  The inflammatory phase is typically associated with skin redness and heat and may last from 2 to 6 days.

As the healing process moves from inflammation to proliferation, the macrophages transition from the M1 to the M2 type and adjust the environment to one which supports skin regeneration.  M2 macrophages produce a different array of cytokines and growth factors which enables the production of collagen, the restoration of the barrier function and the generation of new capilliaries. This proliferative phase may last for 4-24 days.

M2 macrophages are essential to build new tissue through the generation of types I and III collagen. The tissue regeneration bought about by TR Pro+®/TR987® is effective for medical procedures (eg: excision, biopsy, skin cancer removal) as well as aesthetic procedures (eg: laser, all types of skin needling and chemical peels).

TR Pro+®/TR987® has been shown in laboratory studies to increase the number of M2 macrophages and in this way accelerate healing and improve skin quality (Mills et al. 2024).

TR Pro+®/TR987® may assist scar formation

While there have not been any clinical studies directly addressing the effect of beta-glucans like Glucoprime® on scarring, our knowledge of Glucoprime®  and  the published literature strongly suggests that the application of TR Pro+®/TR987® can assist normal scar formation. Glucoprime® is able to increase the number of M2 macrophages and these cells play a multifaceted role in supporting scar formation by promoting fibroblast activation, collagen deposition, ECM production, and the scar remodeling processes. Their anti-inflammatory properties and ability to regulate the wound healing environment make them key players in the complex process of scar formation.

Enhance Skin Barrier Function

  • Stimulates the production of essential lipids, such as ceramides which helps prevent excessive water loss and protects the wound site from external irritants and pathogens

Modulates Inflammation

  • M2 macrophages prevent excessive inflammation which is critical for normal scar formation and minimises the risk of hypertrophic scars or keloids.

Enhancing Immune Modulation

  • Influences the activity of various immune cells to maintain a balanced immune response and reduce the risk of excessive scar tissue formation.

Collagen Synthesis

  • Enhance the synthesis of collagen that provides tensile strength for more resilient scar tissue.

Balancing Fibrosis

  • Modulates the production of extracellular matrix components which prevents excessive fibrosis that can lead to abnormal scar formation.

Stimulates Cell Proliferation and Migration

  • Stimulates fibroblasts that produce collagen and extracellular matrix and support structural integrity. Enhances keratinocyte migration to help with re-epithelialization.

 

Hydrogels are the wound dressing of choice

The multifunctional nature of hydrogels, including their moisture retention, tissue adhesion, controlled drug delivery, antibacterial properties, and self-healing capabilities, makes them highly beneficial for skin healing applications. These properties enable hydrogels to create an optimal environment for wound repair, tissue regeneration, and controlled drug delivery, ultimately enhancing the overall healing process.

Hydrogels can benefit all stages of healing:

  • Can be used for different types of wounds (closed, open, weeping or dry)
  • Cleansing phase: supports the removal of exudate, cell debris, foreign bodies and germs (autolytic debridement)
  • Granulation phase: optimally moisturise and provide a hydrated matrix which promotes cell migration into the wound, and supports collagen synthesis and cross-linking
  • Reparative phase: re-epithelialisation is promoted by division of keratinocytes, optimally supplied with oxygen

TR Pro+®/TR987® supports skin regeneration in many ways

Film-forming, Flexible, Full Contact

  • TR Pro+®/TR987® dries to form a thin, transparent and durable protective film that stays in constant contact with the skin.

Hydration and Water Loss

  • TR Pro+®/TR987® is partially absorbed into the skin to provide hydration while at the same time providing a barrier to reduce transepidermal water loss (TEWL) (Pillai et al. 2005; Vetvicka et al. 2019).

Aesthetic Benefit

  • TR Pro+®/TR987® has been shown in clinical trials to reduce skin wrinkling and increase elastosis (Wu et al. 2022).

Wound Healing and Scar Formation

  • TR Pro+®/TR987® absorbs exudate leading to improved wound healing5. Increased hydration provides an environment favourable to normal scar formation (Muthuramalinga et al. 2019).

Protection

  • TR Pro+®/TR987® provides a barrier that protects against microbial infection while at the same time allowing the skin to breathe (Pillai et al. 2005).

Cooling Effect

  • TR Pro+®/TR987® provides a cooling effect to soothe damaged skin and helps relieve pain and itching. Heat generated from cosmetic procedures is able to dissipate freely (Pillai et al. 2005).

Reduces Oxidative Stress

  • TR Pro+®/TR987® has antioxidant capacity to protect skin against oxidative stress that may be caused by UV radiation (Majtan and Jesenak 2018).

Stops Bleeding

  • TR Pro+®/TR987® acts as a haemostatic agent to stem bleeding and manage exudate (Madaghiele et al. 2014).

Cosmetically Elegant

  • Upon being left to dry and absorb into the skin, TR Pro+®/TR987® is not visible and can have makeup and sunscreen applied.

Easy to Use and Non-reactive

  • TR Pro+®/TR987® can be applied once daily, is non-greasy, and can easily be removed from clothes. TR Pro+®/TR987® is neutral pH, and does not contain any preservatives, fragrances, or parabens making it suitable for people with sensitive skin.
Beta-glucans like Glucoprime® can play an important role in skin care

The water content of the stratum corneum and skin surface is important in the appearance and function of skin (Cheng et al, 2007).  Moisturisers reduce the loss of skin humidity and increase hydration to make it moist, smooth and soft  (Kim et al, 2018).  For a long time it was believed that the large molecular structure of beta-glucans would prevent it from effectively penetrating the skin. This all changed following a clinical study (Pillai et al, 2005) which evaluated the effects of beta-glucan in the reduction of wrinkle depth and height. The researchers applied beta-glucan to skin samples and left it to absorb for 8 hours before examining the samples and finding that it was able to enter the stratum corneum and epidermis and penetrate into the dermis.  It’s also interesting to note that beta-glucan does not penetrate the skin by moving through individual cells, but instead passes in the spaces between cells.

Ongoing application of TR Pro+®/TR987® can reduce wrinkles and fine lines

Wrinkle formation is one of the main signs of ageing and the major cause of fine wrinkles is the loss of structural protein, or collagen, in the dermal layer of skin. Collagen makes up 70-80% of the dry weight of skin (Du et al 2014) and the amount of collagen varies from person to person. In a study published in the International Journal of Cosmetic Science (Pillai et al, 2005), 27 people were tested to evaluate the effects of beta-glucan on facial fine lines and wrinkles. After twice daily use over 8 weeks, they found that there was a reduction in all wrinkles (including deep wrinkles) as well reductions in the average peak and roughness. A further by study by Wu et al (2022) showed that the TR Pro+®/TR987® hydrogel was able to reduce wrinkling and improve elastosis in skin that had been resurfaced using a CO2 laser.

Beta-glucans like Glucoprime® have also been shown to have potent antioxidant properties. Given that oxidative stress from free radicals is a major cause of skin ageing, these antioxidant properties are also beneficial in combating the ageing effects of sunlight and pollutants (Majtan and Jesenak 2018).

TR Pro+®/TR987® can reduce skin irritation and redness

TR Pro+®/TR987® protects the skin from external stressors and irritation by increasing your skin’s natural barrier function and preventing harmful bacteria or pollution from making their way into your skin. It aids in providing relief from excessive sun exposure, rashes and mild burns.  Glucoprime® provides a film-forming linear polymer, which means that it links together to form a thin, undetectable barrier that enhances the natural protecting properties of the skin layer.   Its ability to penetrate deep into the skin serves to immediately calm down redness and irritation caused after cosmetic treatments.

TR Pro+®/TR987® is specifically designed to support the skin’s natural barrier function and works to diminish the appearance of redness. Gentle enough for dry and sensitive skin types, use it once daily or as needed, massaging a small amount onto the affected areas.

TR Pro+®/TR987® containing beta-glucan, is fragrance-free and suitable for most skin types. This oil-free gel works to instantly boost skin’s hydration, giving you a healthy supple complexion.

The science behind TR Pro+®/TR987®

TR Pro+®/TR987® is supported by a comprehensive body of scientific and clinical research which sets it apart it from other aftercare products that heal skin.  The information that underpins TR Pro+®/TR987® and its active ingredient, Glucoprime®, has enabled inclusion on the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods (ARTG).  This signifies Tissue Repairs commitment to adhering to stringent regulatory requirements, and to meeting the highest standards in relation to product safety, efficacy and quality. TR Pro+®/TR987® is manufactured in a GMP accredited facility that complies with internationally recogised standards for medicines manufacture.

Pre-clinical Studies

Ridder, W.E.Study Number 500663 (2008)

In a Goettingen mini-pig model, histological examination of comparisons between TR Pro+®/TR987® gel and placebo demonstrated that the most marked increase in epidermal thickness occurred at the TR Pro+®/TR987® test sites after daily administration for 5 days.   Microscopically, the primary effects of the TR Pro+®/TR987® therapy were enhanced migration of macrophages and neutrophils into the wound space, followed by earlier onset of all aspects of the healing cascade.  Histological examination of the punch biopsy samples showed significant cellular changes with regenerative processes commencing sooner at sites where the active treatment had been applied, based on changes in the stratum lucidum and stratum corneum.

Roy S, et al. Particulate beta–glucan induces TNF-α production in wound macrophages via a redox-sensitive NF-κβ-dependent pathway. Wound Repair Regen. 2011 May-Jun;19(3):411-9.

In this study, the hypothesis that TR Pro+®/TR987® regulates wound macrophage function was tested. TR Pro+®/TR987® induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α transcription in macrophages isolated from murine wound sites. Multiplex assay identified interleukin (IL)-10 and TNFα as two cytokines that are induced by TR Pro+®/TR987® in human blood monocyte-derived macrophages. TR Pro+®/TR987® -induced TNFα production was observed to be mediated via the TLR-2 and dectin-1 receptors, receptor tyrosine kinases and NFκB activation. Consistently, TR Pro+®/TR987® induced TNFα expression in wound-site macrophages isolated from two patients with chronic wounds. These observations establish the translational significance of the net findings of this study. Activation of wound macrophages by TR Pro+®/TR987® represents one of the potential mechanisms by which this beta-glucan may benefit chronic wounds where inefficient inflammatory response is one of the underlying causes of impaired healing.

Mills, S, et al.  Beta-Glucan Hydrogel (TR Pro+®) modulates inflammation, by controlling macrophage differentiation, to improve the rate of healing in murine excisional wounds. AWTRS Abstract October 2024.

C57BL/6 mice received 10mm circular wounds to their dorsum, which were treated at the time of wounding, with TR Pro+®/TR987® hydrogel or hydrogel alone.  Three time points were investigated including day 3, day 7 and day 14.  At these time points wound measurements, collagen deposition, immune cell infiltrate, growth factor and cytokine expression were investigated.

The data showed that TR Pro+®/TR987® treatment significantly reduced macroscopic wound gape and microscopic wound area and width at day 7, when compared to hydrogel treatment.  The inflammatory profile, at day 7, showed a greater number of macrophages within the TR Pro+®/TR987® treated wound site but the ratio of M1:M2 macrophages showed a greater proportion of M2 macrophages, when compared to the hydrogel control.  This higher ratio of M2 macrophages indicates a resolution of inflammation and a progression in the wound healing process, which is beneficial for healing outcomes.

In summary, TR Pro+®/TR987® hydrogel treatment increased the rate of wound closure by regulating macrophage differentiation.  This modulated the immune response by limiting pro-inflammatory responses yet simultaneously promoting a wound resolving anti-inflammatory phenotype. This area of research is showing that beta-glucan therapy could hold promising therapeutic potential for wound healing

Clinical Studies

Acute Conditions – Aesthetic and Medical (TR Pro+®)

Two Phase 2 studies (GLYC-101-1a and GLYC-101-1b) were conducted to test TR Pro+®/TR987® treatment after retro-auricular CO2 laser skin resurfacing (LSR) and CO2 laser skin resurfacing. Both studies demonstrated an acceptable safety profile when administering TR Pro+®/TR987®. The studies demonstrated the time to healing was shorter (10.9 days) in the TR Pro+®/TR987® group than in both the 1.0% Glucoprime® (13.1 days) and placebo (16.3 days) groups; the difference between TR Pro+®/TR987® and placebo treatment was statistically significant (p=0.0062) (Angra et al. 2021).

Wu DC et al. A Novel Macrophage-Activating Gel Improves Healing and Skin Quality After CO2 Laser Resurfacing of the Chest. Dermatol Surg. 2022 Dec 1;48(12):1312-1316

A third study compared TR Pro+®/TR987® against a placebo gel on 42 healthy subjects that had undergone fractionated CO2 laser resurfacing to the chest.  Treatment occured once daily for 5 days with and assessment of skin quality made at 28 day. The study demonstrated that TR Pro+®/TR987® treatment reduced redness, cutaneous wrinkling and improved elastosis, using the Fitzpatrick-Goldman Classification.  With regard to wrinkling, 85% of responders achieved a ≥ 1-point improvement in scores between baseline and day 28 in the active group compared to only 50% in the placebo group, corresponding to an absolute improvement of 35% (p=0.04).  For elastosis there were 75% of responders who achieved a ≥ 3-point improvement in scores between baseline and day 28 in the active group compared to 35% in the placebo group.  This represents an absolute improvement of 40% (p=0.011). TR Pro+®/TR987® can shorten downtime and reduce wrinkling due to an increased rate of physiologic dermal collagen production.

Real-World Evidence Studies

Acute Conditions – Aesthetic and Medical (TR Pro+®)

A multi-clinic (n=12) real-world evidence study involving 48 patients who had undergone a range of aesthetic and medical procedures was undertaken to collect patient feedback following aftercare treatment with TR Pro+®/TR987®.  The feedback was collected anonymously via an online portal at days 6 and 28.

Patients overwhelmingly reported a reduction in itchiness and tingling following the application of TR Pro+®/TR987®, as well as increased hydration.  When patients were asked how they perceived their skin to be healing, 85% reported it as well/very well.  When patients who had had prior procedures were asked how their healing with TR Pro+®/TR987® compared to previous occasions, 100% reported that it was as good as, or better than previous.

It is likely that the ability of TR Pro+®/TR987® to modulate post-procedure inflammation leads to reduced itchiness and tingling.  The increased number of M2 macrophages made available by TR Pro+®/TR987® are able to commence healing earlier and ensure superior skin quality.

Using TR Pro+®/TR987®

TR Pro+®/TR987® can be used with a range of aesthetic and medical procedures including:

Aesthetic

  • Laser skin resurfacing (ablative and non-ablative)
  • Needling – RF, biomicroneedling
  • Cosmetic light procedures (IPL, BBL, LED)
  • Chemical peels
  • Electrolysis
  • Tattoo aftercare/tattoo removal

Medical

  • Curettage
  • Biopsy
  • Skin cancer excision
  • Minor surgical incisions
  • Dermatitis
  • Scar management

Detailed instructions for use are provided in the TR Pro+® Product Brochure.

In general, TR Pro+®/TR987® can be applied directly after the procedure, and from then on in the evening and then left to absorb into the skin overnight.  A loose dressing can be used to cover the area if necessary. The skin is gently cleansed the following morning, and if appropriate, moisturiser, makeup and/or sunscreen can be applied throughout the day. TR Pro+®/TR987® is applied in the same way each evening for at least 5 days, and then every second evening afterwards as required or until the skin returns to normal.

There may be a brief mild stinging sensation before the cooling effect of the gel becomes apparent, at which time there may also be a feeling of skin tightening which is normal.

References
  1. Angra K, Lipp MB, Sekhon S, Wu DC, Goldman MP. Review of Post-laser-resurfacing Topical Agents for Improved Healing and Cosmesis. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2021 Aug;14(8):24-32.
  2. Cheng Y, Dong Y, Dong M, Wang C, Sun Y, Su N, Liu J, Zheng H, Yang X, Li J, Andreas S, Rohr M, Liu W. Moisturizing and antisebum effect of cosmetic application on facial skin. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2007 Sep;6(3):172-7.
  3. Du B, Bian Z, Xu B. Skin health promotion effects of natural beta-glucan derived from cereals and microorganisms: a review. Phytother Res. 2014 Feb;28(2):159-66.
  4. Kim H, Kim JT, Barua S, Yoo SY, Hong SC, Lee KB, Lee J. Seeking better topical delivery technologies of moisturizing agents for enhanced skin moisturization. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2018 Jan;15(1):17-31.
  5. Mills, S, Sylvester, C, Reed, D. Cowin, A. Beta-Glucan Hydrogel (TR Pro+®) modulates inflammation, by controlling macrophage differentiation, to improve the rate of healing in murine excisional wounds. AWTRS Abstract October 2024.
  6. Pillai R, Redmond M, Roding J. Anti‐Wrinkle Therapy: Significant New Findings in the Non‐Invasive Cosmetic Treatment of Skin Wrinkles with Beta‐Glucan. International Journal of Cosmetic Science 2005 8: 2-6.
  7. Roy S, Dickerson R, Khanna S, Collard E, Gnyawali U, Gordillo GM, Sen CK. Particulate β-glucan induces TNF-α production in wound macrophages via a redox-sensitive NF-κβ-dependent pathway. Wound Repair Regen. 2011 May-Jun;19(3):411-9. 
  8. Vetvicka V, Vannucci L, Sima P, Richter J. Beta Glucan: Supplement or Drug? From Laboratory to Clinical Trials. Molecules. 2019 Mar 30;24(7):1251.
  9. Wu DC, Kollipara R, Carter MJ, Goldman MP. A Novel Macrophage-Activating Gel Improves Healing and Skin Quality After CO2 Laser Resurfacing of the Chest. Dermatol Surg. 2022 Dec 1;48(12):1312-1316. 
  10. Goodridge HS, Reyes CN, Becker CA, Katsumoto TR, Ma J, Wolf AJ, Bose N, Chan AS, Magee AS, Danielson ME, Weiss A, Vasilakos JP, Underhill DM. Activation of the innate immune receptor Dectin-1 upon formation of a ‘phagocytic synapse’. Nature. 2011 Apr 28;472(7344):471-5.
Platform Technology

In the longer term, pending approval by the respective regulatory agencies, Tissue Repair’s technology could have the potential to develop a family of products that promote and accelerate wound healing and tissue repair across a range of medical and surgical applications.

Value Proposition

The table below sets out several benefits of Tissue Repair’s technology over existing active wound care products:

 

Evidence of efficacy and robust clinical data in chronic wounds to Phase IIB
  • No drug or biologic appears to have been approved in chronic wounds since REGRANEX Gel was approved in 1997, as such, a drug label is highly prized driving reimbursement through high quality clinical data
  • Clinically significant wound healing (including on key FDA accepted endpoints) demonstrated in clinical trials (TR-987 has been tested on 244 patients across two indications in Phase I, IIA and IIB trials, the majority being randomised, double-blind and placebo-controlled)
  • Validated multifaceted mechanism of action seeks to generate one of the highest immune responses when compared to any drug currently available for wound healing
  • Independent scientific validation of the family of molecules to which Glucoprime belongs have demonstrated strong immunogenic properties and enhanced wound healing in animals, humans and in in vivo studies
Aiming to prove superior in-use outcomes to current therapies 
  • Existing therapies can be expensive. Many active wound care products (biologics) are harvested from human placental tissue, which is the treatment of choice for chronic wounds in the USA (although approved as wound coverings, many are considered to have regenerative properties)
  • However, human placental tissue has clinical limitations due to high cost and limited sizes. Tissue Repair aims to provide a superior in-use alternative to these therapies, without reliance on harvesting human tissue and with the ease of a topical gel in contrast to a complicated patch
Evidenced patient safety
  • TR-987 has been tested across different indications on 244 patients across two indications with no significant adverse events attributable to the drug product
  • Limited evidence of negative effects of inflammation, despite the underlying pro-inflammatory API
  • No evidence of higher infection rates attributable to the drug product
  • TR-987 has a robust safety profile across its clinical program to date
Ease of use as a topical gel
  • Administered topically directly onto the wound following a procedure – no complicated bandages or patches
  • Can be used in combination with standard of care products, including compression bandaging
  • Capable of being administered by a nurse / caregiver or in the home directly by the patient
Strong stability and long shelf life
  • TR-987 has stability testing which suggests a five-year shelf life at room temperature, no refrigeration or freezing required
  • This contrasts with some biologics, which can come with ultra-cold storage requirements creating supply chain and storage complexities
Intellectual property (IP)
  • If approved as a drug by the FDA, TR-987 may be eligible for 5 years of regulatory exclusivity in the USA from the date of marketing approval and 10 years in Europe
  • Recently lodged composition patent on Tissue Repair’s unique active ingredient, Glucoprime, which, if granted, provides a potential 21 years of protection from the date on which the provision patent application was filed
Platform technology
  • Tissue Repair’s unique active ingredient which stimulates an immune response could potentially be used across a variety of applications and the technology provides a platform for the development of a number of different products across indications such as diabetic ulcers, pressure ulcers, surgical wounds, burns (incl. sunburn) and veterinary applications
  • A multi-step extraction process and batch record is on file with the FDA
  • The Company has recently appointed a contract manufacturing organisation to replicate and produce API for the Phase III clinical trial program and for further commercial use
About Tissue Repair
Overview

Tissue Repair has identified and isolated a unique, topically delivered active ingredient—Glucoprime®—designed to accelerate wound healing. This biologically active beta-glucan mimics a yeast infection, triggering the body’s natural wound repair pathways by acting as a ‘decoy’ that activates immune responses. Glucoprime® underpins a versatile technology platform with the potential to treat a wide range of chronic and acute wounds.

In the acute wound care stream, Tissue Repair launched TR Pro+®: in June 2023 for the aftercare of aesthetic procedures and minor medical treatments. A successful pilot program has validated its effectiveness as a healing agent. On the chronic wound front, Tissue Repair has initiated two Phase 3 clinical trials for venous leg ulcers: one involving U.S. sites (BG002) and the other including both Australian and U.S. sites (BG003).

Company History

Established in 2012, Tissue Repair and its wholly owned U.S. subsidiary, TR Therapeutics, Inc., were formed to acquire the advanced wound care assets, intellectual property, and technology from Novogen Research Pty Ltd and Glycotex, Inc. Since then, TR Therapeutics has led clinical research and trials in the United States.

From inception, Tissue Repair’s venture capital and scientific founding team have focused on generating further clinical data to validate the platform’s early efficacy signals. This effort culminated in a Phase 2B clinical trial, completed in November 2020, with data analysis finalised by March 2021. End-of-study reports were submitted to the FDA that same year, and in 2024, the Company received approval to proceed to Phase 3 trials. In parallel, Tissue Repair launched its acute wound care product, TR Pro+®, in June 2023 as part of a pilot program in Australia.

1989 The technology that now forms the basis of Tissue Repair’s product development program commences as a research project at the Department of Surgery, The University of Sydney, under the direction of Professor Graham Kelly.
1990s Early pre-clinical, manufacturing, chemistry and control work undertaken at the University of Sydney and then at Novogen Limited (the company formed to commercialise the technology).
Early 2000s Phase 1/2 clinical trials in venous leg ulcer indications demonstrated a positive safety and efficacy signal.

Development of Glucoprime® and Glucocol

  • Glucoprime® is a high molecular weight, micro-particulate beta-glucan with a high degree of side-branching, specifically designed for trophic ulcer repair. It is the active ingredient in Tissue Repair’s lead chronic wound candidate, TR987®, for venous leg ulcers and in the acute wound care product, TR Pro+®.
  • Glucocol is a low molecular weight, colloidal beta-glucan with a lower degree of side-branching, contributing to its higher solubility. It is intended to support the healing of surgical incisions at risk of dehiscence or wound breakdown. However, Glucocol is not currently under active development, as the Company’s primary focus remains on Glucoprime®.
2006 FDA IND (Investigational New Drug Application) lodged for approval to conduct human clinical trials.
2006 – 2007 Phase 2A trial (n=66) dose finding study completed in venous leg ulcers demonstrating safety and a signal of efficacy across percent wound area reduction.
2007 Glycotex S1 lodged on Nasdaq by Novogen Ltd to raise capital to conduct Phase 2 trials. Withdrawn by Novogen at the time, announcing intention to undertake further in-house development.
2010 Preparatory work on the use of TR-987® for post-aesthetic procedures. Animal studies and Phase 2A trials on the use of TR987® post CO2 fractionated procedures demonstrating safety and efficacy.
2012 Tissue Repair incorporated to acquire the advanced wound care assets, intellectual property and technology of Novogen and fund additional Phase 2B clinical trials.
2012 – 2014 Tissue Repair Pty Ltd incorporated to acquire the advanced wound care assets, intellectual property and technology of Novogen and fund additional Phase 2B clinical trials.
2016 Commencement of Phase 2B clinical trial program consisting of double-blind placebo-controlled trials in two separate indications:

  • Chronic Wounds: 82-patient phase double blind placebo controlled trials evaluating the use of TR987® gel for non-healing venous leg ulcers vs a placebo gel on wound healing.
  • Aesthetic Dermatology: 42 patients, double-blind placebo-controlled trial evaluating the effects of TR987® post CO2 fractionated laser on wound healing and skin quality.
2019

Completion of the 42-patient aesthetic dermatology Phase 2B trial provides evidence of safety and efficacy, with close to double the improvement in skin quality measured by elastosis and wrinkling at day 28 for the TR987® cohort over a placebo gel. The end-of-study report was filed with the FDA in 2023.
2020 Completion of the 82-patient venous leg ulcer trial demonstrated safety and a positive signal of efficiency on the FDA-approved endpoint of incidence of complete closure. The study showed a clinically significant adjusted difference of approximately 20% in the incidence of wound closure following 12 weeks of treatment between the TR987® group and a placebo group. The end-of-study report was filed with the FDA in 2023.
2021 Raised $7.5m in May 2021 to progress to the next stage of business development (including preparations for the Ofter) and commence preparations required in advance of Phase 3 clinical program.

Partnered and executed an agreement with a contract manufacturer on process development and manufacturing of API for Phase 3 clinical use and beyond.

Preparations with a USA laboratory in the USA on further analytical characterisation work required before commencement of a Phase 3 trial.

Commenced preliminary market research and business planning on a launch of TR Pro+®.
2022 Publication in Dermatologic Surgery of a 42-patient study demonstrating significant improvements in skin wrinkling and elastosis following TR Pro+® use after CO₂ laser treatment.

Completion of a Real-World Evidence Study across 12 dermatology clinics, where TR Pro+® was administered to patients post a range of medical and aesthetic procedures.
2023 Launch of TR Pro+® as part of a pilot program to aesthetic and dermatology clinics.
2024 Commencement of the Phase 3 studies, BG002 and BG003,  in Australia and the US for chronic venous leg ulcers.
2025 Investigation into distribution opportunities for TR Pro+® locally and overseas.
Our Focus
Overview

Tissue Repair’s core focus is on realising value from its Glucoprime® API technology through:

  • A successful Phase 3 clinical program followed by the regulatory approval of its chronic wound product, TR987®, to treat chronic wounds.
  • Successful commercialisation of the post-procedure gel, TR Pro+®, for the aftercare of acute wounds and aesthetic procedures.
Strategic Focus Description Strategy
1 Chronic treatment (TR987®) Achieve FDA and TGA approval as a topical drug for use in venous leg ulcers.

Obtain reimbursement approvals in the USA and Australia.

 Achieve Phase 3 approval targeting a 10-15% differential in the incidence of complete healing.

Apply for approval as a drug with the FDA and TGA based on the data package assembled by Tissue Repair.
Seek reimbursement codes in the USA and Australia by proving compelling health economic outcomes.

Launch direct sales model; employ internal sales reps and sell to health care professionals (targeting hospitals, specialist wound clinics and other relevant specialist clinics).  Seek distribution opportunities for expansion.

Potentially explore distribution partnership opportunities following the completion of the Phase 3 program.
2 Acute Post-procedure treatment (TR Pro+®) Commercialise first product as a next generation post-procedure aftercare product for aesthetic and medical procedures Launch in Australia to test and refine go-to-market strategy ahead of expanding to other international markets.

Employ internal sales representatives targeting cosmetic surgeries, clinics and potentially beauticians.

Explore distribution partnerships with dermatology and aesthetic companies.
3 Additional products and indications Invest in the research and development of additional products and build clinical evidence for a broader range of indications.

Other potential applications of Glucoprime® technology could include the treatment of burns, new bandage and scaffold products impregnated with Tissue Repair’s API, veterinary products, etc.
Technology
Overview of the Technology

Tissue Repair has identified a unique immunogenic active ingredient—Glucoprime®—a beta-glucan that activates macrophages and stimulates an immune response, accelerating wound healing and enhancing skin quality.

 

Key Ingredients
  • Beta-glucan (Glucoprime®) – a naturally derived sugar that is purified from the cell wall of baker’s yeast which has immunomodulatory properties that support skin regeneration
  • Triethanolamine – balances the pH of the gel to avoid irritation to your skin
  • Carbomer – allows the gel to retain water to provide you with a soothing texture and leave your skin looking bright
  • Neutral pH, no parabens or fragrances means TR Pro+®/TR987® is suitable for most skin types
What is Glucoprime®

The active ingredient of TR Pro+®/TR987® is Glucoprime® which is a beta-glucan purified from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ie: baker’s yeast) which is used to bake bread and brew beer.  Beta-glucans are commonly found in fungi, plants and bacteria where they are a key component of the cell wall.  Beta-glucans are almost totally made of sugar, with glucose being the sugar most commonly used.

There is enormous diversity in the way the millions of glucose units are linked together and their spatial location relative to adjacent molecules (Vetvicka et al. 2019). Up until recently, the extraction of beta-glucan has been difficult and expensive due to the challenges associated with retaining the complex branched structure of the molecule.

Preserving the native structure of the beta-glucan is essential because it determines its ability to interact with host cells, and studies have confirmed that beta-glucans which have maintained the natural branched structure are more effective in assisting damaged skin to heal (Kim et al. 2018). Historically however, this has been difficult to achieve with most beta-glucans breaking down during the purification process and therefore having less impact on skin repair.  Tissue Repair has successfully developed a proprietary process that leaves the native structure more intact, thereby allowing Glucoprime® to exert a positive healing influence on damaged skin.

Glucoprime® supports skin regeneration

When TR Pro+®/TR987® is applied topically, the Glucoprime® moves between the cells of the epidermis to the dermis where it comes into contact with macrophages.  These macrophages are the ‘guard cells’ and are on alert for foreign pathogens like bacteria and yeast.  The macrophages have specific receptors on their surface which recognise the yeast-derived Glucoprime®  and these engage with the Glucoprime® in the same way as a lock and key fit together.  As a key is able to open the lock, the Glucoprime® is able to activate the macrophages by engaging with the receptors.

Once activated, the macrophages begin to influence the tissue environment, initially by attracting more macrophages and neutrophils to the area.  They also facilitate the production of cytokines and growth factors that create an inflammatory environment which is the first step in the healing process.  While inflammation is necessary for healing, it must not be too severe nor progress for too long as the quality of the new skin will be compromised.  Beta-glucans like Glucoprime® have been referred to as immunomodulators in the scientific literature because of their ability to manage the healing process, and in particular, ensure that the inflammatory phase is appropriate for optimal skin healing.

Not all beta-glucans benefit skin repair to the same extent

Research has shown that large beta-glucans like Glucoprime® in TR Pro+®/TR987® are able to attach to macrophage receptors and activate those cells to upregulate cytokines, growth factors and collagen production. Over many years Tissue Repair has developed a proprietary process to purify Glucoprime® from baker’s yeast without significantly compromising the size.  Although smaller beta-glucans can also engage with the receptors, they do not activate macrophages and therefore cannot produce the same regenerative benefits (Goodridge et al. 2011).

If topical products that contain beta-glucans are being used for skin repair, users should be informed about the origin of the beta-glucan and the size so they can be confident about the products effectiveness.

TR Pro+®/TR987® stimulates macrophages to manage the healing process

Healing is a complex process that involves many different cellular components being switched on and off at the appropriate time and in the correct concentrations.  Macrophages are the cells that coordinate the healing process which occurs in four phases – haemostasis, inflammation,  proliferation and remodelling.

In simple terms we can consider macrophages to be one of two types – M1 or M2.  M1 macrophages are the first responders and create an inflammatory tissue environment which is designed to eliminate any pathogens, breakdown and remove any damaged tissue, and prepare the site for repair.  They do this by producing cytokines that increase free radicals, proteases, and phagocytosis.  The inflammatory phase is typically associated with skin redness and heat and may last from 2 to 6 days.

As the healing process moves from inflammation to proliferation, the macrophages transition from the M1 to the M2 type and adjust the environment to one which supports skin regeneration.  M2 macrophages produce a different array of cytokines and growth factors which enables the production of collagen, the restoration of the barrier function and the generation of new capilliaries. This proliferative phase may last for 4-24 days.

M2 macrophages are essential to build new tissue through the generation of types I and III collagen. The tissue regeneration bought about by TR Pro+®/TR987® is effective for medical procedures (eg: excision, biopsy, skin cancer removal) as well as aesthetic procedures (eg: laser, all types of skin needling and chemical peels).

TR Pro+®/TR987® has been shown in laboratory studies to increase the number of M2 macrophages and in this way accelerate healing and improve skin quality (Mills et al. 2024).

TR Pro+®/TR987® may assist scar formation

While there have not been any clinical studies directly addressing the effect of beta-glucans like Glucoprime® on scarring, our knowledge of Glucoprime®  and  the published literature strongly suggests that the application of TR Pro+®/TR987® can assist normal scar formation. Glucoprime® is able to increase the number of M2 macrophages and these cells play a multifaceted role in supporting scar formation by promoting fibroblast activation, collagen deposition, ECM production, and the scar remodeling processes. Their anti-inflammatory properties and ability to regulate the wound healing environment make them key players in the complex process of scar formation.

Enhance Skin Barrier Function

  • Stimulates the production of essential lipids, such as ceramides which helps prevent excessive water loss and protects the wound site from external irritants and pathogens

Modulates Inflammation

  • M2 macrophages prevent excessive inflammation which is critical for normal scar formation and minimises the risk of hypertrophic scars or keloids.

Enhancing Immune Modulation

  • Influences the activity of various immune cells to maintain a balanced immune response and reduce the risk of excessive scar tissue formation.

Collagen Synthesis

  • Enhance the synthesis of collagen that provides tensile strength for more resilient scar tissue.

Balancing Fibrosis

  • Modulates the production of extracellular matrix components which prevents excessive fibrosis that can lead to abnormal scar formation.

Stimulates Cell Proliferation and Migration

  • Stimulates fibroblasts that produce collagen and extracellular matrix and support structural integrity. Enhances keratinocyte migration to help with re-epithelialization.

 

Hydrogels are the wound dressing of choice

The multifunctional nature of hydrogels, including their moisture retention, tissue adhesion, controlled drug delivery, antibacterial properties, and self-healing capabilities, makes them highly beneficial for skin healing applications. These properties enable hydrogels to create an optimal environment for wound repair, tissue regeneration, and controlled drug delivery, ultimately enhancing the overall healing process.

Hydrogels can benefit all stages of healing:

  • Can be used for different types of wounds (closed, open, weeping or dry)
  • Cleansing phase: supports the removal of exudate, cell debris, foreign bodies and germs (autolytic debridement)
  • Granulation phase: optimally moisturise and provide a hydrated matrix which promotes cell migration into the wound, and supports collagen synthesis and cross-linking
  • Reparative phase: re-epithelialisation is promoted by division of keratinocytes, optimally supplied with oxygen

TR Pro+®/TR987® supports skin regeneration in many ways

Film-forming, Flexible, Full Contact

  • TR Pro+®/TR987® dries to form a thin, transparent and durable protective film that stays in constant contact with the skin.

Hydration and Water Loss

  • TR Pro+®/TR987® is partially absorbed into the skin to provide hydration while at the same time providing a barrier to reduce transepidermal water loss (TEWL) (Pillai et al. 2005; Vetvicka et al. 2019).

Aesthetic Benefit

  • TR Pro+®/TR987® has been shown in clinical trials to reduce skin wrinkling and increase elastosis (Wu et al. 2022).

Wound Healing and Scar Formation

  • TR Pro+®/TR987® absorbs exudate leading to improved wound healing5. Increased hydration provides an environment favourable to normal scar formation (Muthuramalinga et al. 2019).

Protection

  • TR Pro+®/TR987® provides a barrier that protects against microbial infection while at the same time allowing the skin to breathe (Pillai et al. 2005).

Cooling Effect

  • TR Pro+®/TR987® provides a cooling effect to soothe damaged skin and helps relieve pain and itching. Heat generated from cosmetic procedures is able to dissipate freely (Pillai et al. 2005).

Reduces Oxidative Stress

  • TR Pro+®/TR987® has antioxidant capacity to protect skin against oxidative stress that may be caused by UV radiation (Majtan and Jesenak 2018).

Stops Bleeding

  • TR Pro+®/TR987® acts as a haemostatic agent to stem bleeding and manage exudate (Madaghiele et al. 2014).

Cosmetically Elegant

  • Upon being left to dry and absorb into the skin, TR Pro+®/TR987® is not visible and can have makeup and sunscreen applied.

Easy to Use and Non-reactive

  • TR Pro+®/TR987® can be applied once daily, is non-greasy, and can easily be removed from clothes. TR Pro+®/TR987® is neutral pH, and does not contain any preservatives, fragrances, or parabens making it suitable for people with sensitive skin.
Beta-glucans like Glucoprime® can play an important role in skin care

The water content of the stratum corneum and skin surface is important in the appearance and function of skin (Cheng et al, 2007).  Moisturisers reduce the loss of skin humidity and increase hydration to make it moist, smooth and soft  (Kim et al, 2018).  For a long time it was believed that the large molecular structure of beta-glucans would prevent it from effectively penetrating the skin. This all changed following a clinical study (Pillai et al, 2005) which evaluated the effects of beta-glucan in the reduction of wrinkle depth and height. The researchers applied beta-glucan to skin samples and left it to absorb for 8 hours before examining the samples and finding that it was able to enter the stratum corneum and epidermis and penetrate into the dermis.  It’s also interesting to note that beta-glucan does not penetrate the skin by moving through individual cells, but instead passes in the spaces between cells.

Ongoing application of TR Pro+®/TR987® can reduce wrinkles and fine lines

Wrinkle formation is one of the main signs of ageing and the major cause of fine wrinkles is the loss of structural protein, or collagen, in the dermal layer of skin. Collagen makes up 70-80% of the dry weight of skin (Du et al 2014) and the amount of collagen varies from person to person. In a study published in the International Journal of Cosmetic Science (Pillai et al, 2005), 27 people were tested to evaluate the effects of beta-glucan on facial fine lines and wrinkles. After twice daily use over 8 weeks, they found that there was a reduction in all wrinkles (including deep wrinkles) as well reductions in the average peak and roughness. A further by study by Wu et al (2022) showed that the TR Pro+®/TR987® hydrogel was able to reduce wrinkling and improve elastosis in skin that had been resurfaced using a CO2 laser.

Beta-glucans like Glucoprime® have also been shown to have potent antioxidant properties. Given that oxidative stress from free radicals is a major cause of skin ageing, these antioxidant properties are also beneficial in combating the ageing effects of sunlight and pollutants (Majtan and Jesenak 2018).

TR Pro+®/TR987® can reduce skin irritation and redness

TR Pro+®/TR987® protects the skin from external stressors and irritation by increasing your skin’s natural barrier function and preventing harmful bacteria or pollution from making their way into your skin. It aids in providing relief from excessive sun exposure, rashes and mild burns.  Glucoprime® provides a film-forming linear polymer, which means that it links together to form a thin, undetectable barrier that enhances the natural protecting properties of the skin layer.   Its ability to penetrate deep into the skin serves to immediately calm down redness and irritation caused after cosmetic treatments.

TR Pro+®/TR987® is specifically designed to support the skin’s natural barrier function and works to diminish the appearance of redness. Gentle enough for dry and sensitive skin types, use it once daily or as needed, massaging a small amount onto the affected areas.

TR Pro+®/TR987® containing beta-glucan, is fragrance-free and suitable for most skin types. This oil-free gel works to instantly boost skin’s hydration, giving you a healthy supple complexion.

The science behind TR Pro+®/TR987®

TR Pro+®/TR987® is supported by a comprehensive body of scientific and clinical research which sets it apart it from other aftercare products that heal skin.  The information that underpins TR Pro+®/TR987® and its active ingredient, Glucoprime®, has enabled inclusion on the Australian Register of Therapeutic Goods (ARTG).  This signifies Tissue Repairs commitment to adhering to stringent regulatory requirements, and to meeting the highest standards in relation to product safety, efficacy and quality. TR Pro+®/TR987® is manufactured in a GMP accredited facility that complies with internationally recogised standards for medicines manufacture.

Pre-clinical Studies

Ridder, W.E.Study Number 500663 (2008)

In a Goettingen mini-pig model, histological examination of comparisons between TR Pro+®/TR987® gel and placebo demonstrated that the most marked increase in epidermal thickness occurred at the TR Pro+®/TR987® test sites after daily administration for 5 days.   Microscopically, the primary effects of the TR Pro+®/TR987® therapy were enhanced migration of macrophages and neutrophils into the wound space, followed by earlier onset of all aspects of the healing cascade.  Histological examination of the punch biopsy samples showed significant cellular changes with regenerative processes commencing sooner at sites where the active treatment had been applied, based on changes in the stratum lucidum and stratum corneum.

Roy S, et al. Particulate beta–glucan induces TNF-α production in wound macrophages via a redox-sensitive NF-κβ-dependent pathway. Wound Repair Regen. 2011 May-Jun;19(3):411-9.

In this study, the hypothesis that TR Pro+®/TR987® regulates wound macrophage function was tested. TR Pro+®/TR987® induced tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α transcription in macrophages isolated from murine wound sites. Multiplex assay identified interleukin (IL)-10 and TNFα as two cytokines that are induced by TR Pro+®/TR987® in human blood monocyte-derived macrophages. TR Pro+®/TR987® -induced TNFα production was observed to be mediated via the TLR-2 and dectin-1 receptors, receptor tyrosine kinases and NFκB activation. Consistently, TR Pro+®/TR987® induced TNFα expression in wound-site macrophages isolated from two patients with chronic wounds. These observations establish the translational significance of the net findings of this study. Activation of wound macrophages by TR Pro+®/TR987® represents one of the potential mechanisms by which this beta-glucan may benefit chronic wounds where inefficient inflammatory response is one of the underlying causes of impaired healing.

Mills, S, et al.  Beta-Glucan Hydrogel (TR Pro+®) modulates inflammation, by controlling macrophage differentiation, to improve the rate of healing in murine excisional wounds. AWTRS Abstract October 2024.

C57BL/6 mice received 10mm circular wounds to their dorsum, which were treated at the time of wounding, with TR Pro+®/TR987® hydrogel or hydrogel alone.  Three time points were investigated including day 3, day 7 and day 14.  At these time points wound measurements, collagen deposition, immune cell infiltrate, growth factor and cytokine expression were investigated.

The data showed that TR Pro+®/TR987® treatment significantly reduced macroscopic wound gape and microscopic wound area and width at day 7, when compared to hydrogel treatment.  The inflammatory profile, at day 7, showed a greater number of macrophages within the TR Pro+®/TR987® treated wound site but the ratio of M1:M2 macrophages showed a greater proportion of M2 macrophages, when compared to the hydrogel control.  This higher ratio of M2 macrophages indicates a resolution of inflammation and a progression in the wound healing process, which is beneficial for healing outcomes.

In summary, TR Pro+®/TR987® hydrogel treatment increased the rate of wound closure by regulating macrophage differentiation.  This modulated the immune response by limiting pro-inflammatory responses yet simultaneously promoting a wound resolving anti-inflammatory phenotype. This area of research is showing that beta-glucan therapy could hold promising therapeutic potential for wound healing

Clinical Studies

Acute Conditions – Aesthetic and Medical (TR Pro+®)

Two Phase 2 studies (GLYC-101-1a and GLYC-101-1b) were conducted to test TR Pro+®/TR987® treatment after retro-auricular CO2 laser skin resurfacing (LSR) and CO2 laser skin resurfacing. Both studies demonstrated an acceptable safety profile when administering TR Pro+®/TR987®. The studies demonstrated the time to healing was shorter (10.9 days) in the TR Pro+®/TR987® group than in both the 1.0% Glucoprime® (13.1 days) and placebo (16.3 days) groups; the difference between TR Pro+®/TR987® and placebo treatment was statistically significant (p=0.0062) (Angra et al. 2021).

Wu DC et al. A Novel Macrophage-Activating Gel Improves Healing and Skin Quality After CO2 Laser Resurfacing of the Chest. Dermatol Surg. 2022 Dec 1;48(12):1312-1316

A third study compared TR Pro+®/TR987® against a placebo gel on 42 healthy subjects that had undergone fractionated CO2 laser resurfacing to the chest.  Treatment occured once daily for 5 days with and assessment of skin quality made at 28 day. The study demonstrated that TR Pro+®/TR987® treatment reduced redness, cutaneous wrinkling and improved elastosis, using the Fitzpatrick-Goldman Classification.  With regard to wrinkling, 85% of responders achieved a ≥ 1-point improvement in scores between baseline and day 28 in the active group compared to only 50% in the placebo group, corresponding to an absolute improvement of 35% (p=0.04).  For elastosis there were 75% of responders who achieved a ≥ 3-point improvement in scores between baseline and day 28 in the active group compared to 35% in the placebo group.  This represents an absolute improvement of 40% (p=0.011). TR Pro+®/TR987® can shorten downtime and reduce wrinkling due to an increased rate of physiologic dermal collagen production.

Real-World Evidence Studies

Acute Conditions – Aesthetic and Medical (TR Pro+®)

A multi-clinic (n=12) real-world evidence study involving 48 patients who had undergone a range of aesthetic and medical procedures was undertaken to collect patient feedback following aftercare treatment with TR Pro+®/TR987®.  The feedback was collected anonymously via an online portal at days 6 and 28.

Patients overwhelmingly reported a reduction in itchiness and tingling following the application of TR Pro+®/TR987®, as well as increased hydration.  When patients were asked how they perceived their skin to be healing, 85% reported it as well/very well.  When patients who had had prior procedures were asked how their healing with TR Pro+®/TR987® compared to previous occasions, 100% reported that it was as good as, or better than previous.

It is likely that the ability of TR Pro+®/TR987® to modulate post-procedure inflammation leads to reduced itchiness and tingling.  The increased number of M2 macrophages made available by TR Pro+®/TR987® are able to commence healing earlier and ensure superior skin quality.

Using TR Pro+®/TR987®

TR Pro+®/TR987® can be used with a range of aesthetic and medical procedures including:

Aesthetic

  • Laser skin resurfacing (ablative and non-ablative)
  • Needling – RF, biomicroneedling
  • Cosmetic light procedures (IPL, BBL, LED)
  • Chemical peels
  • Electrolysis
  • Tattoo aftercare/tattoo removal

Medical

  • Curettage
  • Biopsy
  • Skin cancer excision
  • Minor surgical incisions
  • Dermatitis
  • Scar management

Detailed instructions for use are provided in the TR Pro+® Product Brochure.

In general, TR Pro+®/TR987® can be applied directly after the procedure, and from then on in the evening and then left to absorb into the skin overnight.  A loose dressing can be used to cover the area if necessary. The skin is gently cleansed the following morning, and if appropriate, moisturiser, makeup and/or sunscreen can be applied throughout the day. TR Pro+®/TR987® is applied in the same way each evening for at least 5 days, and then every second evening afterwards as required or until the skin returns to normal.

There may be a brief mild stinging sensation before the cooling effect of the gel becomes apparent, at which time there may also be a feeling of skin tightening which is normal.

References
  1. Angra K, Lipp MB, Sekhon S, Wu DC, Goldman MP. Review of Post-laser-resurfacing Topical Agents for Improved Healing and Cosmesis. J Clin Aesthet Dermatol. 2021 Aug;14(8):24-32.
  2. Cheng Y, Dong Y, Dong M, Wang C, Sun Y, Su N, Liu J, Zheng H, Yang X, Li J, Andreas S, Rohr M, Liu W. Moisturizing and antisebum effect of cosmetic application on facial skin. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2007 Sep;6(3):172-7.
  3. Du B, Bian Z, Xu B. Skin health promotion effects of natural beta-glucan derived from cereals and microorganisms: a review. Phytother Res. 2014 Feb;28(2):159-66.
  4. Kim H, Kim JT, Barua S, Yoo SY, Hong SC, Lee KB, Lee J. Seeking better topical delivery technologies of moisturizing agents for enhanced skin moisturization. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2018 Jan;15(1):17-31.
  5. Mills, S, Sylvester, C, Reed, D. Cowin, A. Beta-Glucan Hydrogel (TR Pro+®) modulates inflammation, by controlling macrophage differentiation, to improve the rate of healing in murine excisional wounds. AWTRS Abstract October 2024.
  6. Pillai R, Redmond M, Roding J. Anti‐Wrinkle Therapy: Significant New Findings in the Non‐Invasive Cosmetic Treatment of Skin Wrinkles with Beta‐Glucan. International Journal of Cosmetic Science 2005 8: 2-6.
  7. Roy S, Dickerson R, Khanna S, Collard E, Gnyawali U, Gordillo GM, Sen CK. Particulate β-glucan induces TNF-α production in wound macrophages via a redox-sensitive NF-κβ-dependent pathway. Wound Repair Regen. 2011 May-Jun;19(3):411-9. 
  8. Vetvicka V, Vannucci L, Sima P, Richter J. Beta Glucan: Supplement or Drug? From Laboratory to Clinical Trials. Molecules. 2019 Mar 30;24(7):1251.
  9. Wu DC, Kollipara R, Carter MJ, Goldman MP. A Novel Macrophage-Activating Gel Improves Healing and Skin Quality After CO2 Laser Resurfacing of the Chest. Dermatol Surg. 2022 Dec 1;48(12):1312-1316. 
  10. Goodridge HS, Reyes CN, Becker CA, Katsumoto TR, Ma J, Wolf AJ, Bose N, Chan AS, Magee AS, Danielson ME, Weiss A, Vasilakos JP, Underhill DM. Activation of the innate immune receptor Dectin-1 upon formation of a ‘phagocytic synapse’. Nature. 2011 Apr 28;472(7344):471-5.
Commercial Blueprint
Platform Technology

In the longer term, pending approval by the respective regulatory agencies, Tissue Repair’s technology could have the potential to develop a family of products that promote and accelerate wound healing and tissue repair across a range of medical and surgical applications.

Value Proposition

The table below sets out several benefits of Tissue Repair’s technology over existing active wound care products:

 

Evidence of efficacy and robust clinical data in chronic wounds to Phase IIB
  • No drug or biologic appears to have been approved in chronic wounds since REGRANEX Gel was approved in 1997, as such, a drug label is highly prized driving reimbursement through high quality clinical data
  • Clinically significant wound healing (including on key FDA accepted endpoints) demonstrated in clinical trials (TR-987 has been tested on 244 patients across two indications in Phase I, IIA and IIB trials, the majority being randomised, double-blind and placebo-controlled)
  • Validated multifaceted mechanism of action seeks to generate one of the highest immune responses when compared to any drug currently available for wound healing
  • Independent scientific validation of the family of molecules to which Glucoprime belongs have demonstrated strong immunogenic properties and enhanced wound healing in animals, humans and in in vivo studies
Aiming to prove superior in-use outcomes to current therapies 
  • Existing therapies can be expensive. Many active wound care products (biologics) are harvested from human placental tissue, which is the treatment of choice for chronic wounds in the USA (although approved as wound coverings, many are considered to have regenerative properties)
  • However, human placental tissue has clinical limitations due to high cost and limited sizes. Tissue Repair aims to provide a superior in-use alternative to these therapies, without reliance on harvesting human tissue and with the ease of a topical gel in contrast to a complicated patch
Evidenced patient safety
  • TR-987 has been tested across different indications on 244 patients across two indications with no significant adverse events attributable to the drug product
  • Limited evidence of negative effects of inflammation, despite the underlying pro-inflammatory API
  • No evidence of higher infection rates attributable to the drug product
  • TR-987 has a robust safety profile across its clinical program to date
Ease of use as a topical gel
  • Administered topically directly onto the wound following a procedure – no complicated bandages or patches
  • Can be used in combination with standard of care products, including compression bandaging
  • Capable of being administered by a nurse / caregiver or in the home directly by the patient
Strong stability and long shelf life
  • TR-987 has stability testing which suggests a five-year shelf life at room temperature, no refrigeration or freezing required
  • This contrasts with some biologics, which can come with ultra-cold storage requirements creating supply chain and storage complexities
Intellectual property (IP)
  • If approved as a drug by the FDA, TR-987 may be eligible for 5 years of regulatory exclusivity in the USA from the date of marketing approval and 10 years in Europe
  • Recently lodged composition patent on Tissue Repair’s unique active ingredient, Glucoprime, which, if granted, provides a potential 21 years of protection from the date on which the provision patent application was filed
Platform technology
  • Tissue Repair’s unique active ingredient which stimulates an immune response could potentially be used across a variety of applications and the technology provides a platform for the development of a number of different products across indications such as diabetic ulcers, pressure ulcers, surgical wounds, burns (incl. sunburn) and veterinary applications
  • A multi-step extraction process and batch record is on file with the FDA
  • The Company has recently appointed a contract manufacturing organisation to replicate and produce API for the Phase III clinical trial program and for further commercial use
Resources

Goodridge HS, Reyes CN, Becker CA, Katsumoto TR, Ma J, Wolf AJ, et al. Activation of the innate immune receptor Dectin-1 upon formation of a ‘phagocytic synapse’. Nature (2011) 472:471–5
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21525931/

Roy, S.; Dickerson, R.; Khanna, S.; Collard, E.; Gnyawali, U.; Gordillo, G.M.; Sen, C.K. Particulate β-glucan induces TNF-α production in wound macrophages via a redox-sensitive NF-κβ-dependent pathway. Wound Repair Regen. 2011, 19, 411–419.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21518092/